PLANTS OF THE MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE Prairie plants are perfectly adapted to their environment. Many have extensive roots systems that are ideal for absorbing moisture and nutrients from the soil during periods of low moisture. These root reserves are important for regrowth after grazing or burning. Some plants, cool-season plants, begin their growth early in the season to take advantage of the early spring moisture and stop growth in the heat of the summer. Other plants called warm-season plants have adapted to the hot summers and low moisture levels by changing the way they produce food in their leaves and stems. Their unique metabolism allows them to grow during hot, dry weather without losing precious moisture. At first glance, mixed-grass prairie may simply look like a field of unmown grass, but a closer look reveals the complexities and subtle enchantment of this prairie world. Some of the typical wildflowers and grasses you may find when you visit mixed-grass prairie are illustrated here. Spear grass (Stipa comata) The slender pointed fruits of spear grass have long twisted "beards" or awns projecting from their tips. After the seed is shed, the first moisture causes the awn to straighten. Then, in drying out, it twists again and screws the seed into the soil, where it can germinate. These "spears" are often found embedded in the pant legs and shoe laces of visitors. Indian breadroot (Psoralea esculenta) Indian breadroot has a thick tuberous root, once valued as a food source by Aboriginals and early settlers. This plant is very sensitive to disturbance; the presence of Indian breadroot usually indicates a healthy prairie. Purple prairie clover (Petalostemon purpureus) Both purple prairie clover and a close relative, white prairie clover, are important in prairie communities. These plants are members of the pea family which fix nitrogen and make it available to other plants. The small flowers begin as a circle around the head and work upward as the season advances. Prairie crocus (Anemone patens) A sign of spring in North American prairies and Manitoba's floral emblem, the crocus often blooms shortly after the snow disappears. Its many-divided, silky leaves arise after flowering is completed.

---