Cervidae (deer)

 

Members of this family have distinctive cloven hooves. Front and hind feet are similar and a walking gait is most usual. Generally, only the two large toes will leave an impression, but if the animal is running or jumping the dew claws (the vestigial 1st and 4th toes) will leave a mark.


White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Front and hind = 7 x 4 cm, stride = 30-40 cm (walk: left to right foot). Throughout the southwestern third of the province. Tracks from a very large deer might be close to in size to those of a young moose or elk, but young of these species would seldom be far from an adult.

Moose (Alces alces)
Front and hind = 13 x 7 cm, stride = 60-100 cm (walk: left to right foot). Throughout the province, except in agricultural areas. Moose pick their feet up high as they walk, seldom leaving "foot drag" marks. They are usually solitary.

Elk (Cervus elaphus)
Front and hind = 11 x 6 cm, stride = 50-90 cm (walk: left to right foot). Found in the southwestern third of Manitoba. Tend to drag their feet through the snow as they walk. Usually stay in small herds in the winter.

Caribou (Rangifer tarandus)
Front and hind = 10 x 10 cm, stride = 50-70 cm (walk: left to right foot). Distinct from others in deer family, with splayed, inward curving toes. Dew claw marks usually accompany the toe prints. Throughout the northeastern 2/3's of Manitoba in coniferous forests and tundra.